Biography of Mary Anderson, Windshield Wiper Inventor

Mary Anderson (February 19, 1866–June 27, 1953) was hardly a likely candidate to invent the windshield wiper—especially considering she filed her patent before Henry Ford even started manufacturing cars.  Unfortunately, Anderson failed to reap financial benefits from her invention during her lifetime, and as a result shes been relegated to a footnote in the history of automobiles. Fast Facts: Mary Anderson Known For: Inventing the windshield wiper, before a single one of Henry Fords automobiles was madeBorn: February 19, 1866 on Burton Hill Plantation, Greene County, AlabamaParents: John C. and Rebecca AndersonDied: June 27, 1953 in Monteagle, TennesseeEducation: UnknownSpouse(s): NoneChildren: None. Early Life Mary Anderson was born on February 19, 1866, to John C. and Rebecca Anderson on Burton Hill Plantation in Greene County, Alabama. She was one of at least two daughters; the other was Fannie, who remained close to Mary all her life. Their father died in 1870, and the young family was able to live on the proceeds of Johns estate. In 1889, Rebecca and her two daughters moved to Birmingham and built the Fairmont Apartments on Highland Avenue soon after their arrival. In 1893, Mary left home to operate a cattle ranch and vineyard in Fresno, California but returned in 1898 to help care for an ailing aunt. She and her aunt moved into the Fairmont Apartments with her mother, her sister Fannie, and Fannies husband G.P. Thornton. Andersons aunt brought an enormous trunk with her, which when opened contained a collection of gold and jewelry that allowed her family to live comfortably from that point forward. In the thick of winter in 1903, Anderson took some of that inheritance from her aunt and, eager to make exciting use of the money, took a trip to New York City. The Window Cleaning Device It was during this trip that inspiration struck. While riding a streetcar during a particularly snowy day, Anderson observed the agitated and uncomfortable behavior of the vehicle’s cold driver, who had to rely on all sorts of tricks—sticking his head out of the window, stopping the vehicle to clean the windshield—to see where he was driving. Following the trip, Anderson returned to Alabama and, in response to the problem she witnessed, drew up a practical solution: a design for a windshield blade that would connect itself to the interior of the car, allowing the driver to operate the windshield wiper from inside the vehicle. She filed an application for a patent on June 18, 1903. For her â€Å"window cleaning device for electric cars and other vehicles to remove snow, ice, or sleet from the window,† on November 10, 1903, Anderson was awarded U.S. Patent No. 743,801. However, Anderson was unable to get anyone to bite on her idea. All the corporations she approached—including a manufacturing firm in Canada—turned her wiper down, out of a perceived lack of demand. Discouraged, Anderson stopped pushing the product, and, after the contracted 17 years, her patent expired in 1920. By this time, the prevalence of automobiles (and, therefore, the demand for windshield wipers) had skyrocketed. But Anderson removed herself from the fold, allowing corporations and other business-people access to her original conception. Death and Legacy Although little is known about Mary Anderson, by the 1920s, her brother-in-law had died, and Mary, her sister Fannie, and their mother were again living in the Fairmont Apartments in Birmingham. Mary was managing the building where they lived when she died at their summer home in Monteagle, Tennessee on June 27, 1953. Mary Anderson was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2011. The windshield wiper, May Andersons legacy, was adapted for automotive use, and in 1922, Cadillac began installing the wiper as a piece of standard equipment on its cars. Sources Windshield Wiper Inventor, Miss Mary Anderson, Dies. Birmingham Post-Herald, June 29, 1953.  Carey Jr., Charles W. Anderson, Mary (1866–1953), inventory of the windshield wiper. American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries. New York: Facts on File, 2002.Mary Anderson: Windshield Wiper. National Inventors Hall of Fame.  Olive, J. Fred. Mary Anderson. Encyclopedia of Alabama, Business and Industry, February 21, 2019.  Palca, Joe. Alabama Woman Stuck in NYC Traffic in 1902 Invented the Windshield Wiper. National Public Radio, July 25, 2017.

Longfellow- Writing Incorporates Religion - 1470 Words

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow incorporates religious themes into his poetical work. His religious beliefs were in favor of his Christian faith, unlike others who found all the negative aspects of Catholicism. His poetical works such as Christus, The Divine Tragedy and The Bells of San Blas show his positivity toward the Catholic church. In Longfellow s life, he went through periods of depression as a reaction to his wives deaths. During these times of sorrow, Longfellow turned to his faith which helped him move through the mourning process. In Longfellow s pre-poet days, he served as a priest and went to college attending a religious class. Longfellow took his religion seriously, and expressed his fealty through his work.†¦show more content†¦Stanza two in God s-Acre insinuates how sacred the name God s Acre is and how the deceased are comfortable in their graves knowing that they are going toward heaven. In Blind Bartimeus, Longfellow inserts religion throughout the whole poe m. For example line four It is Christ of Nazareth! exclaims the coming of Christ. This poem tells the tale of Christ curing the blind. Longfellow shows his faith through this poem telling about a common bible story. Longfellow s recoil from several aspects of the contemporary religious scheme cause him to lose much of his professional hope for the future. Another work of Longfellow that included his faith was entitled The Divine Tragedy. A character in The Divine Tragedy named Martha says, Lord, dost thou care not that my sister Mary hath left me thus to wait on thee alone? I pray thee, bid her help me. Longfellow shows Jesus s superiority through this character. Jesus always helped people in need, and throughout the epic, Longfellow uses characters to ask for help from Christ in order to show his divine trait and the helper of all in need. This play was composed in three acts and was based on the biblical account of Christ s life. Longfellow intended to be a treatment of Hebraism and Hellenism. Hebraism is the religion of Jewish people who practice based on the Old Testament and the Talmud, and Hellenism is the principle and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization. The plot of thisShow MoreRelatedHenry Wadsworth Longfellow2130 Words   |  8 Pagesabout a a disturbed kid going on a killing spree. Unlike Foster the Peopl e, people adore Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a nineteenth century poet, not because he had a good rhythm, but because he intertwines musicality and imagery. He merges sight and sound to establish a cinematic orchestra and paints a vivid image full of depth and personality. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow incorporates religion through the influence of nature and the strong presence of musicality in â€Å"The Cross of Snow†, â€Å"My Lost Youth†Read MoreIroquois Confederacy9092 Words   |  37 Pagesslatted wood. Furthermore, the French fought with firearms, while traditional Iroquois weapons were bows and arrows, stone tomahawks, and wooden warclubs. In response to European influence, the Iroquois gradually changed their military tactics to incorporate stealth, surprise, and ambush. Their motives for fighting also changed. In the past, they had fought for prestige or revenge, or to obtain goods or captives; now they fought for economic advantage, seeking control over bountiful beaver hunting groundsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand be committed to the achievement of organizational goals. Because the writings of Weber and Fayol were not translated into English and published in the United States until the late 1940s, American management theorists in the ï ¬ rst half of the 20th century were unaware of the contributions of these European pioneers. American management theorists began where Taylor and his followers left off. Although their writings were all very different, these theorists all espoused a theme that focused on

Legal Environment of Business

Question: Describe about theLegal Environment of Business. Answer: Summary of Applicable Facts: The Career Institute of America, the client, is a nonprofit organization. They are not sure whether they want to continue their status as a nonprofit organization. The CEO who is also the founder wants to continue his ownership of the organization. Further, he wants to ensure that the individuals working in this organization are not employers but individual contractors and at any point (since it has been mentioned that the individual contractors agreement is poorly drafted) if there is question regarding the status of individual he is of the opinion that he will declare the corporation as bankrupt. Issues: The two issues that are there are: What is the best form that the organization should keep (either of a nonprofit corporation, a for-profit corporation or LLC). What is the best method to go about for appointing of Individual Contractors for the corporation? Law Issue 1 There are various limitations that exist with respect to nonprofit corporations, the first being that it can be established for the purposes that are exempt such as educational, charitable, religious, scientific or any such other purposes that are specific. The financial gains cannot be distributed between the officer, members or the directors ("TITLE 8 - CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CORPORATION LAW - Subchapter I. Formation", 2016). The distribution of the corporate assets can be made to only another organization which is tax exempted upon the nonprofit corporations dissolution. There can be no participation by the nonprofit corporations in campaigns that are political either against or for a person. They also cannot engage substantially in activities that are political in nature ("How to Form a Delaware Nonprofit Corporation | Nolo.com", 2016). The most attractive benefit that a nonprofit corporation has as compared to a for-profit corporation that there are significant state and federal tax benefits one the tax-exempt status under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code from the IRS (Internal Revenue System) has been obtained. In the Plumstead case (Plumstead Theatre Society, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 1982), it was concluded by the court that an organization that was charitable could also be in a limited partnership a general partner for being able to raise funds for the operation of the theater without having to the lose the exemption that has been provided to it. It was also stated in this case that an organization which had been exempted under the Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC can participate and form an LLC or a partnership. The operation agreement for an LLC should, however, allow that ventures that are hybrid can be formed between nonprofit entities and for-profit entities. There is, however, a limitation on them statutorily under the clause of required purpose. The uniform and state Acts have eighteen purposes, however, the default language that any purposes or purpose which is language or some form of this language is used in most states. Delaware under Title 6 Sections 18-106(a) (2008) have provisions for general business activity which states the purpose of the business can be any lawful business which may or may not be for profit the only exception being the business of banking. The American Law Institutes Principles of Law acknowledged the LLCs ability to be an exempt organization. Further, it must also be noted that in a for-profit corporation the owners of the corporation shall be the shareholders. In an LLC, the owners are the members of the LLC. There is a complete freedom which has been given to an LLC for distributing the ownership stakes that it has to the members of the LLC without taking into consideration the contribution of capital by that member ("Understanding the Differences Between Corporations, LLC's, and Partnerships", 2016). Issue 2 The criterion for the status of the independent contractor is that the persons who are performing the work should not have any direction and control over their performance either under the contract or in fact ("Put Your Independent Contractor Agreements in Writing | Nolo.com", 2016). In the situation wherein the status of the independent contractor is questioned it is necessary for the employer to determine that there is a Federal Identification Number of the individual (Contractor Contractor, 2016). Further, if there is misclassification of the employers, then the ramification of the same would depend on the determination by the IRS and the DOL (Department of Labour) whether the same was intentional, fraudulent or unintentional. In case there is an intentional misconduct or fraud that is suspected by IRS, there are various fines and penalties that can impose by it. Other than paying of fines there can be criminal penalties as well amounting to $1,000 per worker who has been misclassified and further imprisonment for one year can also be imposed. Additionally, to all this there can be personal liability for suppression of tax for the tax that has not been collected. Analysis Since LLC can be treated as the nonprofit organization and they can also have the exemption from the tax it would be better for the clients to form an LLC and they would continue to retain their exemption benefit and also can work for profit to generate revenue. Further unlike corporation the entire ownership of the enterprise will be with the members of the LLP and not the shareholders. Thus, given the fact that CEO wants to retain ownership LLP would be the best option. Further for appointing of Individual Contractor they need to ensure that the contract does not control or direct such individual. In the situation wherein there is a misclassification of employer in a manner that is fraudulent or intentional it could lead to various ramification and these can be personal liabilities as well. Bibliography Contractor, C. Contractor, C. (2016). Contract With Independent Contractor. com. Retrieved 23 May 2016, from https://www.nolo.com/products/contract-with-independent-contractor-noe3-pr113.html How to Form a Delaware Nonprofit Corporation | Nolo.com. (2016). com. Retrieved 23 May 2016, from https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/forming-nonprofit-corporation-delaware-36056.html Plumstead Theatre Society, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 675 F.2d 244 (1982). Put Your Independent Contractor Agreements in Writing | Nolo.com. (2016). com. Retrieved 23 May 2016, from https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/put-independent-contractor-agreements-writing-29713.html TITLE 8 - CHAPTER 1. GENERAL CORPORATION LAW - Subchapter I. Formation. (2016). delaware.gov. Retrieved 23 May 2016, from https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc01/ Understanding the Differences Between Corporations, LLC's, and Partnerships. (2016). org. Retrieved 23 May 2016, from https://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=30933

International Affairs in Relation to the Asean Economic Community Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"The importance of International Affairs in relation to the ASEAN Economic Community and the universe today† International Affairs or IA is a major in Khon Kean University International College. In some university such as Thummasart University and Chulalongkron University. They call different with Khon Kean University. They called â€Å"International Relation† or IR. International Affairs surveies about relation among many states. We study political relations. It makes us cognize about politic in each state in the universe. Anyway we besides study Economicss. It makes us understand in fiscal. banking. trading and investing. So International Affairs can do us cognize and understand about the cultural differences. manner of life and society of each state and we can use the cognition that we studied and utilize it in ASEAN Economic Community ( AEC ) that’s coming shortly. ASEAN Economic Community good known in short as â€Å"AEC† . AEC is traveling to co me in 31th December 2015. There are 10 member states join together. We will write a custom essay sample on International Affairs in Relation to the Asean Economic Community Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are Brunei. Cambodia. Indonesia. Laos. Philippines. Singapore. Myanmar. Thailand and Vietnam. These states will fall in together at the terminal of 2015 like combination in European Union. In order to. makes a individual market and the same production base. increasing abilities for competition in economic system development is every bit and integrating into the planetary economic system. These are intents of ASEAN Economic Community we called â€Å"AEC Blue Print or the manner to be AEC† . Joining in AEC will do many benefits such as dialogue with spouse states. Export and import can be freely. This is the biggest changing in the universe that’s coming shortly. We should be watchful and fix to get by with it all the clip. When we talk about altering to new things will go on shortly in the hereafter. Many people are watchful and excite with it. but so many people are still ignore and non enthusiastic. This is the most of import job now in ASEAN states particularly in Thailand the state we are populating in. Awareness about AEC in Thailand is still the biggest debatable issue. If we look around ourselves we will see many competitions in every measure. We must catch it for maintaining ourselves survives in this fast universe and full of competitions otherwise we can non populate in this universe merrily. because the universe today like province of nature. The strongest people will last with felicity. When the universe bend to that clip. There are so many impacts will go on and it would hold many affect to our life. Many states has to confront with altering and new things both good things and bad things. For illustration if the authorities works without good direction the catastrophe will go on to that state. So this is a undertaking of International Affairs to keep the catastrophe. As a pupil in IA and economic system is an of import portion on AEC. We study Economicss as good. We can besides work in economic portion in a fiscal organisation. In AEC investing will be freely. Investors can travel to everyplace and put everything within member states. We will see turning up of economic system and economic system depression. We need to cognize really much about economic system. In 2015. Thailand is the first state that foreign investors determine to put in Thailand and trade will increase at least 25 per centums. In some portion of industry are in concern such as industry of agribusiness. edifice and fabric. because these industries can travel to other state where resources are cheaper in order to cut down the disbursals. In each state has different prominent for illustration Myanmar has prominent in agribusiness and piscary. Malaysia has prominent in gum elastic and fabric. Indonesia has electronic merchandises. Singapore has information and wellness centre. Thailand has prominent in going and flight. In each state has ain prominent so that depends on resources and location. So in ASEAN Community everything will alter even though the society that we are populating in. International Affairs teaches pupils in English and do us cogni ze and understand about planetary state of affairss. the issues of international relation and economic. We need to understand English. So learning English is really good and utile for us because fall ining to AEC necessitate English as official linguistic communication to pass on with another people. You will see so many altering in your life. There are non Thai in our normal life for illustration every marks around the metropolis are all English. don’t have Thai in telecasting and radio even selling materials. telling a repast. etc. Everything is English. If you non understand English it’s really hazard for life in this universe. A thing that can assist your state more develop is you are ready and fix for AEC by larning English. Joining to AEC is non chilling like you think. If you prepare and maintain yourself ready. First. analyze difficult about AEC. There are many beginnings for larning such as cyberspace. liberally. book shop. etc. you should cognize about general information about AEC. Economy. Then. set yourself to be in ASEAN portion even it is non come yet. Popu lating with consciousness all the clip such as maintain your eyes on your concern and allow your childs to cognize the importance of AEC and take them to larn English. Finally. International personal businesss makes us fix all of above. In the future pupils of KKUIC will non be lost the occupation and nil whatever to makes us frighten and worry about it.